DİJİTAL ÇAĞDA MANUAL (ENTELEKTÜEL) İNDEKSLEME NİÇİN GEREKLİDİR
30.4.2020
"NİÇİN İNDEXLEME
KONULU BAZI LİNKLER
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Search, or use the index? Following the 50th Anniversary Conference of the Society of
Search, or use the index? Following the 50th Anniversary Conference of the Society of
Indexers, Bill Johncocks draws on his talk about changing user expectations of
indexes.
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Google: WHY IS MANUAL INTELLECTUAL INDEXING REQUIRED IN THE DIGITAL AGE?
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Google: WHY IS MANUAL INTELLECTUAL INDEXING REQUIRED IN THE DIGITAL AGE?
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“Can a computer
program generate an index?
No, a computer cannot create an index, though a program
could generate a simple concordance or keyword list. As stated above, an index
is a complex analysis of a text, and a computer cannot identify related ideas
the way the human mind can. That being said, computer software can greatly aid
the process of creating an index. There are a few indexing programs available,
and I use Cindex to write indexes. The software handles such tasks as
formatting, style, and sorting, allowing the indexer to focus on the analytical
tasks.“. https://www.li-indexing.com/indexing
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“Back Words Indexing . Back-of-the-Book Indexes for
Publishers and Authors
"You're going to love the way your book ends!"
“CAN'T THE INDEX BE
WRITTEN BY A COMPUTER?
Indexing ultimately organizes "aboutness" for
quick recall. The computer and its software assist, but the human mind alone
can speak to the concept of "aboutness". If a term or concept is not
specifically articulated on a page, a computer cannot choose it for the index,
nor can a search engine find references to it. Neither can the computer reword
the entry in a form that aids readers who are unfamiliar with the author's
thrust. A paragraph or discussion can be "about" a topic without
specifically using those words.
A NOTE ABOUT INDEXING
SOFTWARE
Indexing software is a tremendous aid to the
professional indexer, but it by no means creates indexes
"automatically," any more than a spelling or grammar checker can edit
a text on its own. Beware of vendors who claim that the services of a
professional indexer can be replaced by running a software program on the text
of a book. The intellectual and analytical work of indexing is the task of the
human brain, and no software program can duplicate it.
Indexing programs available to professional
indexers can help the indexer to produce, sort, and manipulate entries;
establish subheading sequences; restyle and amend entries; and keep track of
what has been indexed where. On the other hand, the indexing add-ons included
with word processors and DTP programs are usually far less efficient as aids to
creating a high-quality index.
from The Editor's Guide
to Working with Indexers
For example, in a discussion of passwords, keys and locks,
you may be speaking about security issues and encryption. The words
"security" or "encryption" may not appear in that page yet
the reader should be directed to that page by the index under those headings.
It takes a human mind to draw these conclusions.
Furthermore, a computer cannot: determine relationships
among words and concepts, and therefore cannot place subentries, synonyms and
cross-references properly decide what is and is not a relevant reference-- they
can only sort the terms that appear in a document according to certain
preprogrammed patterns recognize concepts which are discussed over a range of
pages limit the search to relevant entries (vs. every occurance of a word) function
when a word is misspelled (for example. google the word "backwords"
and notice how often it is used where the word "backwards" is meant) consider
how terms develop varied meanings -- for example, a "key" on pianos,
for computers, to unlock doors, to unlock puzzles, for security, or as a
geographic feature, as in Key West. At the same time, a computer is unable
distinguish an author's use of multiple terms to indicate one concept: for
example, in the computer manual field, 'application', 'software', and 'program'
are often used interchangeably
Thus, without a human being to analyze content and context,
automation in either a search process or in creating an index falls short of
effectively bringing together relevant topics while avoiding the unrelated.
Yes, a computer can think—just like a plane can fly or a car can drive.
For more specifics as to the limits of a full text search,
visit www.jalamb.f9.co.uk/Full_text_searches.html
TOP
If a computer can be programmed to beat a human at chess,
why can't it write an index?
"Given any configuration of chess pieces, there are a
finite number of sequences possible. It may be a huge number, but it's finite
and (more important) definable. That is, with enough computing power and
memory, it's possible for a computer to evaluate every possible sequence of moves
to a win or loss, and to make the best move possible. That's not at all true of
indexing or any other task that requires true understanding." (David
Billick)
There are programs that are sometimes called indexing
software, but they may in reality be search engines, or concordance builders,
or text mining software. The idea of automatic indexing is different from the
computer-assisted indexing that professional back-of-the-book indexers use.
Some systems can be adequate for a specific implementation. NStein,
Inxight, Autonomy, Convera, Applied Semantics, Sonar Bookends, and/or Entriev
are based on automatically extracting concepts from texts in such diverse
applications as indexing public records and processing accounts receivables for
trucking firms, but the results are not adequate for creating back of the book
indexes.
Even "text-mining" software has problems:
"How well computers truly make sense of what they are reading is, of
course, highly questionable, and most of those who use text-mining software say
that it works best when guided by smart people with knowledge of the particular
subject." (New York Times, 10/16/2003) These articles are also useful: http://www.intranetjournal.com/features/humanindex-1.shtml
and
The difference to the reader (and to the number of users who
call your Help Line) in the quality of the index, its useablility, flexibility,
and integrity, can be enormous.
My guess is it will be about 300 years until computers are
as good as, say, your local reference librarian in doing a search.
~ Craig Silverstein, Google's director of technology
What is "automatic indexing"?
The Emperor's New Mind. Written in 1989 by Roger Penrose. He
discusses why automatic indexing (AI) will, in his opinion, *never* be able to
"understand" what information is truly "about."
Martin Tulic: Wellisch's "Glossary of Terminology in
Abstracting, Classification, Indexing, and Thesaurus Construction"
(available for purchase here) defines Automatic Indexing as: Any [indexing]
method by which the [text] of a [documentary unit] is subjected to algorithmic
operations in order to extract [terms] or [phrases] that represent [subject],
[topics], or [features] of the documentary unit, where [<term>] refers to
terms defined elsewhere in the glossary. By this definition, Automatic Indexing
has indisputably been at the center of information retrieval systems ever since
people realized the problems inherent in KWIC, KWOC, and similar simple
algorithms.
One major difference between the way humans indexers work
and the way today's automatic indexing systems work is that humans select
terms, arrange and edit them, whereas today's automatic indexing systems select
terms, compare them to a thesaurus, and compile their index based on the
thesaurus.
Does the indexer really have to read the whole book?
Oh yes. Several times.”. https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:6mVX5X87J3AJ:https://www.backwordsindexing.com/Comp.html+&cd=18&hl=tr&ct=clnk&gl=tr
Indexing in the Electronic Age. 20-21 April 1996. Robertson,
NSW. https://www.anzsi.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/1996-Conference.pdf
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Subject indexing. https://www.wikiwand.com/en/Subject_indexing
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Bolton, Rohan: 'Why indexing?' 24. p.171-173 . https://www.theindexer.org/files/24-4/24-4_171.pdf
MESLEKİ KURULUŞLAR
Why: Google: "why
indexing" site:https://www.theindexer.org
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ÜLKELER
Hakkında: https://www.asindexing.org/about/
İletişim: https://www.asindexing.org/contact-us/
Why:
İletişim: http://newenglandindexers.org/contact/
Almanya. Deutsches Netzwerk der Indexer
(DNI)
İletişim: http://www.d-indexer.org/welcome.html
Avustralya ve
Yeni Zelanda.
Australian and New Zealand Society of Indexers ...
Hakkında:
https://www.anzsi.org/about-us/
Çin * China Society of Indexers
Hakkında:
Why:
İletişim:
Güney Afrika. Association of Southern African
Indexers and Bibliographers (ASAIB). https://www.asaib.org.za/
Hakkında:
Why:
İletişim:
Hollanda * Netherlands Indexing Network (NIN)
Hakkında:
https://www.indexers.nl/
Why:
İletişim: https://www.indexers.nl/contact/
İngiltere ve
İrlanda. https://www.indexers.org.uk/
Hakkında:
https://www.indexers.org.uk/#
Why:
İletişim:
https://www.indexers.org.uk/contact/
Publishing Technology Group of
the Society of Indexers.
Hakkında: https://www.ptg-indexers.org.uk/
Kanada. https://indexers.ca/
İletişim: https://indexers.ca/contact-us/
Hakkında: https://indexers.ca/about-us/
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